Execute the following Microsoft SQL Server T-SQL administration script in SSMS Query Editor to create a table as size log and deploy the insert script into SQL Server Agent for daily, weekly, etc. execution:

USE AdventureWorks

GO

CREATE TABLE DBFileSize (

  DBFileSizeID INT    IDENTITY ( 1 , 1 )    PRIMARY KEY,

  [Date]       DATETIME    DEFAULT (getdate()),

  Name         VARCHAR(30),

  FileID       INT,

  FileName     VARCHAR(100),

  FileGroup    VARCHAR(50),

  FileSize     VARCHAR(20),

  MaxSize      VARCHAR(20),

  Growth       VARCHAR(20),

  USAGE        VARCHAR(15))

GO

INSERT DBFileSize

      (Name,

       FileID,

       FileName,

       FileGroup,

       FileSize,

       MaxSize,

       Growth,

       USAGE)

EXEC sp_helpfile

GO

SELECT *

FROM   DbFileSize

GO

Related article:

How to track database file growth over a period of time?