Execute the following Microsoft SQL Server T-SQL script in SSMS Query Editor to check job status & all job information, running status and start a job programmatically :

-- SQL Server check job status with all job related information

USE msdb

EXEC dbo.sp_help_job @job_name = N'Inventory DB Backup',

                               @job_aspect = N'ALL' ;

GO

-- Check run status of a job - check if job currently running

-- SQL Server Agent - Running = 1 means currently executing

DECLARE @job_id uniqueidentifier

SELECT @job_id=job_id FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobs WHERE name=N'Inventory DB Backup'

-- SET @job_id = '4C004358-62E0-4933-9268-90F54EF36AA9' 

EXEC master.dbo.xp_sqlagent_enum_jobs 1, sa, @job_id

GO

-- SQL Server start job programmatically

EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_start_job N'Inventory DB Backup';

GO

Related articles:

http://www.sqlusa.com/bestpractices2005/startjobfromstoredproc/

Detecting The State of a SQL Server Agent Job - How to Find SQL Server Job Execution Status - Using xp_sqlagent_enum_jobs - Retrieve Job status for running job